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Introduction
Dialysis is a life-saving treatment for people with advanced kidney disease or kidney failure. While the term can seem intimidating, understanding what dialysis involves can ease anxiety and help patients and families feel more prepared. In this article, we break down the basics of dialysis, the different types, what a typical session looks like, and how to manage the experience physically and emotionally.
What is Dialysis?
Dialysis is a medical process that removes waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys can no longer perform these functions. It’s essentially an artificial replacement for lost kidney function and is commonly needed when a person reaches end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Types of Dialysis
There are two main types of dialysis:
1. Hemodialysis
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Typically done in a dialysis center 3 times per week.
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Blood is filtered through a machine (dialyzer) and then returned to the body.
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Requires access through a fistula, graft, or catheter.
2. Peritoneal Dialysis
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Done at home, often daily.
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Uses the lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) to filter blood.
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Involves infusing and draining dialysis fluid through a catheter in your abdomen.
What to Expect During a Hemodialysis Session
A typical hemodialysis session lasts about 3 to 5 hours. Here’s what happens:
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Pre-session check: Nurses monitor your weight, blood pressure, and temperature.
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Needle insertion: Two needles are placed in your arm if you have a fistula or graft.
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Blood filtration: Blood flows from your body to the machine, gets cleaned, and flows back.
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Monitoring: Your vital signs are monitored throughout to ensure safety.
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Post-session: You may feel tired or lightheaded. It's common to rest afterward.
Common Side Effects
While dialysis is essential, it can come with side effects. Some of the most common include:
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Fatigue
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Muscle cramps
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Low blood pressure
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Nausea or headaches
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Dry or itchy skin
These symptoms can often be managed with proper care and guidance from your healthcare team.
Preparing for Dialysis
Here are a few tips to make your treatment experience smoother:
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Stay on schedule – Missing sessions can be harmful.
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Eat a kidney-friendly diet – Limit sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
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Stay hydrated but not overloaded – Follow your fluid restrictions.
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Ask questions – Communicate with your care team about how you’re feeling.
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Bring entertainment – Reading materials, music, or podcasts help pass the time.
Emotional Well-being Matters
Dialysis doesn’t just affect the body—it can take a toll mentally and emotionally. Feelings of anxiety, frustration, or depression are common. Support groups, counseling, and open communication with loved ones can help maintain emotional balance.
Final Thoughts
Dialysis may be a significant lifestyle change, but many people live long, full lives with the treatment. By understanding what to expect and working closely with your care team, you can manage your health with more confidence and less fear.